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A DNA sequence encoding the human Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) protein sequence (including the signal peptide sequence, and the mature human Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist sequence) was expressed in modified human 293 cells.

IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a naturally occurring protein that plays an important role in regulating the activity of IL-1 by competitively binding to the IL-1 receptor and thereby inhibiting IL-1 signaling activation in target cells. The expression of IL-1ra has been detected in bone marrow monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and T cells. IL-1 is a major cytokine involved in immune responses to infection, including both innate and acquired immunity. It promotes the activation of macrophages, and is a co-stimulatory molecule for lymphocyte proliferation, antigen presentation and T cell dependent antibody production. IL-1 is also involved in inflammatory disease states. Maintenance of a balance between IL-1 and IL-1ra is important in preventing the development or progression of inflammatory disease states. IL-1ra may exist as a number of different isoforms and these may be either secreted or intracellular forms. Additionally, IL-1ra shares 25-30% structural homology with IL-1a and IL-1b and includes one potential N-linked glycosylation site. For further information on the relationship between IL-1 and IL-1ra, please refer to Arend WP. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13(4-5): 323-40.