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TC-PTP is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase which is mostly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. The phosphatase exists as two splice variants in human, carrying either a nuclear localization signal (45 kDa form) or an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention motif (48 kDa form) at the C-terminus. Both forms consist of a classical PTP catalytic domain at the N-terminus, which is closely related to the catalytic region of PTP1B. TC-PTP functions as a negative regulator of the JAK/STAT cytokine signaling pathway and is involved in the development of hematopoietic lineages. Furthermore, TC -PTP is phosphorylated on serine-304 by CDKs during mitosis. The absence of TC-PTP results in decreased proliferation and slower G1 phase progression during the cell cycle and is characterized by defective NF?B signaling. TC-PTP is also involved in the regulation of several RTKs. For instance dephosphorylation of EGFR by TC-PTP results in decreased downstream activation of PI3K and Akt signaling. Altered TC-PTP expression levels are associated with immunological diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer.